ἁμαρτία, -ας, ἡ

(ἁμαρτάνω, which see), [in LXX chiefly for חַטָּאת and cogn. forms, also for פֶּשַׁע ,עָוֹן, etc. ;]

prop. a missing the mark; in cl. (see reff. to CR in MM, VGT, see word);

__(a) guilt, sin (Plat. Arist. al.);

__(b) more freq. from Æsch. down, a fault, failure. In NT (as LXX) always in ethical sense;

__1. as a principle and quality of action, = τὸ ἁμαρτάνειν, a sinning, sin: Rom.5:12, 13 20; ὑφ᾽ ἁμαρτίαν εἶναι, Rom.3:9; ἐπιμένειν, Rom.6:1; ἀποθνήσκειν, νεκρὸν εἶναι τῇ ἁ. Rom.6:2, 11; τὴν ἀ. γινώσκειν, Rom.7:7; σῶμα τῆς ἁ. Rom.6:6; ἀπάτη τῆς ἁ. Heb.3:13; personified as a ruling principle, ἁ. βασιλεύει, κυριεύει, etc. Rom.5:21 6:12, 14 7:17, 20; δουλεύειν, Rom.6:6; δοῦλος τῆς ἁ. ib. 17; νόμος τῆς ἁ. Rom.7:23 8:2; δύναμις τῆς ἁ. 1Co.15:56 (cf. Gen.4:7).

__2. As a generic term (disting. fr. the specific terms ἁμάρτημα, which see, etc.) for concrete wrongdoing, violation of the divine law, sin: Jhn.8:46, Jas.1:15, al.; ποιεῖν (τὴν) ἁ. Jhn.8:34, 2Co.11:7, 1Jn.3:8; εἴχειν ἁ. Jhn.9:41 15:22, 24 19:11, 1Jn.1:8; in pl. ἁμαρτίαι, sin in the aggregate, 1Th.2:16 (see Milligan, in l.); ποιεῖν ἁμαρτίας, Jas.5:15; πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν, Jas.5:20, 1Pe.4:8; ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν, Mat.26:28, Mrk.1:4, al.; ἐν ἁμαρτίαις εἶναι, 1Co.15:17; collectively, αἴρειν τὴν ἁ. τ. κόσμου, Jhn.1:29; ἀποθνήσκειν ἐν τῇ ἁ. Jhn.8:21.

__3. = ἁμάρτημα, a sinful deed, a sin: Mat.12:31, Act.7:60, 1Jn.5:16.

SYN.: see: ἁμάρτημα. (AS)

a missing the mark; guilt; sin; a fault, failure; a sinning, sin; a sinful deed; a sin