οὐρανός, -οῦ, ὁ,

[in LXX chiefly for שָׁמַיִם (hence, often pl. οἱ οὐ. see infr.) ;]

heaven;

__1. of the vault or firmament of heaven, the sky and the aerial regions above the earth: opposite to ἡ γῆ, Heb.1:10, 2Pe.3:5, 10; ὁ οὐ. καὶ ἡ γῆ, i.e. the world, the universe, Mat.5:18, Mrk.13:31, Luk.10:21, Act.4:24, Rev.10:6, al.; ἀπ᾽ ἄκρων οὐ. ἕως ἄ. αὐτῶν (on the absence of art. aft. prep. see Bl, §46, 5), Mat.24:31; ὑπὸ τὸν οὐ. Act.2:5, Col.1:23; ὑψωθῆναι ἕως τοῦ οὐ. figuratively, Mat.11:23, Luk.10:15; σημεῖον ἐκ τοῦ οὐ. Mat.16:1, Mrk.8:11, al.; αἱ νεφέλαι, Mat.24:30, al.; τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐ. Mat.6:26, Mrk.4:32, al.; οἱ ἀστέρες τοῦ οὐ. Rev.6:13, al.; pl. (οἱ) οὐ. (Bl. §32, 5), Mat.3:16, Mrk.1:10, Jhn.1:32, 2Pe.3:7, 13 al.

__2. Of the abode of God and other blessed beings: of angels, Mat.24:36, Mrk.12:25, Gal.1:8, Rev.10:1, al.; of Christ glorified, Mrk.16:[19], Luk.24:51, Act.3:21, Rom.10:6, al.; of God, Mat.5:34, Rom.1:18, al.; ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐ. (Dalman, Words, 184ff.), Mat.5:16 6:1, al.; θησαυρὸς ἐν οὐ. Mat.6:20, Mrk.10:21, al.

__3. By meton.

__(a) of the inhabitants of heaven: Rev.18:20 (cf. ib. 12:12, Job.15:15, Isa.44:23);

__(b) as an evasive reference to God, characteristic of later Judaism (Dalman, Words, 204ff.): Mat.21:25, Mrk.11:30, Luk.15:18, Jhn.3:27, al.; ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐ. (= τοῦ Θεοῦ); see: βασιλεία).

βασιλεία, -ας, ἡ

(βασιλεύω), [in LXX chiefly for מַמְלָכָה ,מַלְכוּת ;]

__1. prop. abstract, sovereignty, royal power, dominion: Luk.1:33 22:29, Jhn.18:36, Act.1:6, Heb.1:8, 1Co.15:24; λαβεῖν β. Luk.19:12, 15 Rev.17:12; δοῦναι τὴν, ib. 17; ἔχειν β. ib. 18; ἔρχεσθαι ἐν τ. (εἰς τὴν) β. Mat.16:28, Luk.23:42; β. τ. θεοῦ, Rev.12:10.

__2. By meton. concrete (MM, Exp. x),

__(a) a kingdom, the territory or people over whom the king rules (Est.5:3, al.): Mat.4:8 12:25, 26 24:7, Mrk.3:24 6:23, Luk.4:5, Heb.11:33, al.;

__(b) the royal majesty (cf. our phrase His Majesty), the king himself (τ. σπέρμα τῆς β. 4Ki.11:1).

__3. In LXX (Wis.6:5, Tob.13:1, al.), Targ. and NT, of the Messianic rule and kingdom, ἡ β. τ. θεοῦ, τ. οὐρανῶν (Heb. מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם, Aram. מַלְכוּתָא דִשׁמַיָּא; see Dalman, Words, 91-147; Cremer, 132, 658), the kingdom of God (on the equivalence of the two phrases, see Dalman, op. cit. 93, 218f.); τ. θεοῦ, Mat.6:33 12:28, al.; τ. οὐρανῶν, Mat.3:2 4:17, al.; τ. Χριστοῦ (מַלִכוּת דִמְשִׁיחא, Targ. Jon. on Isa.53:10), Eph.5:5; τ. κυρίου, 2Pe.1:11, Rev.11:15; τ. Δαυείδ, Mrk.11:10; absol. ἡ β. Mat.4:23, Jas.2:5, al. The kingdom is regarded as present: Mat.11:12, Luk.17:21, Rom.14:17, al.; as that which is to be consummated in the future, Mat.6:10, Mrk.9:1, Jhn.3:5, 2Pe.1:11, al. Noteworthy phrases are: ζητεῖν τὴν β. Mat.6:33; δέχεσθαι, Mrk.10:15; κλρονομεῖν, Mat.25:34; διδόναι, Lk 12:32; παραλαμβάνειν, Heb.12:28; αὐτῶν (τοιούτων) εστὶν ἡ β. Mat.5:3, 10 19:14, Mrk.10:14, Luk.18:16; διὰ τὴν β. Mat.19:12; ἕνεκεν τῆς β. Luk.18:29; εὐαγγελίζεσθαι, κηρύσσειν, διαγγέλλειν τὴν β. Luk.4:43 9:2, 60; ἤγγικεν ἡ β. Mat.3:2, Mrk.1:15; κλεῖς τῆς β. Mat.16:10; κλείειν τὴν β. Mat.23:14; υἱοὶ τῆς β. Mat.8:12 13:38 (cf. Cremer, 132, 658).

\ (AS)

heaven