1) hard, cruel, severe, obstinate

1a) hard, difficult

1b) severe

1c) fierce, intense, vehement

1d) stubborn, stiff of neck, stiff-necked

1e) rigorous (of battle)

Root √קשׁה: קָשָׁה vb be hard severe fierce Qal be hard difficult , be hard severe , Niph hardly bestead hard pressed . Pi she made hard in her bearing .(had severe labour) Hiph make difficult difficulty , make severe burdensome . yoke imposed by king make hard stiff stubborn . fig. of obstinacy shew stubbornness .

קָשֶׁה adj hard severe .